Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) are fungi with discrete
public fruit body is white to cream and 11 semicircular similar oyster shell with
the middle section a bit concave.
Body of the Oyster mushroom havie a stalk that grows sideways
and its shape is like an oyster. Part of the mushroom cowls changed color from black,
gray, Brown, and white, with a surface of almost slippery, diameter of 5 – 20 cm
smooth hood edged slightly notched. In addition, the oyster mushroom spores
also have shaped rods measuring 8-11-4 × 3 μm and miselia white can grow quickly.
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| Cultivation of Oyster Mushrooms |
In the wild, Oyster Mushrooms can be found almost
throughout the year in the cool area of forested mountains. Grow looks at each
other on the surface of tree trunks stacked already rotted. Oyster Mushrooms
are one of a kind wood mushroom. Oyster Mushrooms can also be cultivated
easily.
The First Step To Start Cultivation
Of Oyster Mushrooms
Get to know the types–types which can be
cultivated Oyster Mushrooms:
1. Oyster
mushroom, Pleurotus floridae has clean white colour.
2. Oyster
mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, has a white color,
and yellowish white.
3. Oyster
mushroom Pleurotus cystidious has white color, reddish.
4. Pleurotus citrinopileatus
oyster mushroom has a golden yellow colour.
5. Pleurotus
djamor oyster mushroom has a reddish–purple color.
6. The Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms Oyster has a bluish color.
7. Oyster
mushroom Pleurotus euosmus has a brownish color.
8. Oyster
mushroom Pleurotus flabellatus has the color pink.
9. Pleurotus
pulmonarius oyster mushroom has a grayish white color.
10. Pleurotus sajor-caju
mushroom Oyster has the color gray.
Choose quality oyster mushroom Seeds
To avoid the seeds are not quality there are two ways
that we can do, first, make your own seed to get seedlings of F1, or the
second, buy quality seedlings on farmers or buy mushrooms in instances of
provider of seeds can be trusted.
For those of you who want to buy seed Oyster Mushrooms
notice the following things:
1. Select seeds
that have been tested, how know it from malformed (biological ratio)
mushrooms. For its STYLISH Oyster Mushrooms around 75%.
2. Buy from
reputable agencies that have certified or official agencies.
3. White Mycelium
has grown fully and evenly in the growing media. If uneven, it is feared on the
part which is not overgrown mycelium is easily contaminated.
4. Check the
manufacturing date or expired date.
5. Seek information
from an already successful mushroom farmers.
The Planting Medium For Oyster Mushroom
The planting medium used for Oyster Mushrooms
consisting of several ingredients that are combined into one, what are the
ingredients of it? See below:
1. Sawdust wood as
much as 80%.
2. Bran as much as 10-15%.
3. Limestone CaCo₃ as
much as 3%.
4. Water And approximately 40-60%
How to Make:
To make 100 kg medium oyster mushroom, it takes 80 kg
of sawdust wood, 10-15 kg of bran, and 3 kg of lime. Stir all the ingredients
until evenly mixed, then add water to about 60%. To find out the media already
mixed properly, how to test it when the water does not come out and gripped
when removed do not burst. The above measure is sufficient for 100 baglog.
Fermentation Of Oyster Mushrooms
Fermentation media of cropping important done before
the media used to grow mushrooms, i.e. in a way only for 5-10 days or adapted
to the condition of the materials. The aim is so that weathering
processes happen/composting on the media. During the fermentation
process, the temperature of the medium will increase until it reaches 70°C, and
during this time conducted daily media reversal so that weathering processes
can be evenly distributed in all sections of the media. In addition to
accelerating the weathering, fermentation also aims to shut down the wild
mushrooms that can disrupt the growth of oyster mushrooms. Media use are marked
with a centralized media color to brown or blackish.
Planting Media Sterilization
Media fermented plant can be put into a plastic bag
type of polypropylene. The media is then compacted to shaped like a bottle
(baglog). Next, at the top of the plastic (plastic bag neck) mounted ring,
bound shut using a cotton swab, and fitted cover baglog so that water does not
get into the bag at the time of measurement.
After the baglog is ready, the process
of sterilization can be performed, i.e. by way of steaming. Container for
steaming most simple which can be used are the drums. One of the drums can load
about 60 baglog. The working principle of sterilization is utilizing the heat
of water vapor at a temperature of 95-110°C within 8-10 hours. When the initial
temperature has reached 100°C, hold for 5 hours. Typically, the time needed to
reach the temperature of 100°C, hold for 5 hours. Usually the time needed to
reach 100°C is 3 hours, depending on the stability of the flame in the furnace.
Furthermore, container for steaming in the open and silenced for 5 hours before
planting in baglog media temperatures return to normal.
Inoculation
Baglog that have been sterilized should
be moved to the place of inoculation and silenced for 24 hours to restore it to
a normal temperature. Inoculation should be in the room to the absence of
sterile and have good air circulation. It is important to minimize the
contamination of baglog from the pathogen spores or bacteria.
The following seed filling stages to
baglog.
1. Take the
F3 seed bottle and then spray the alcohol into the bottle. Heat the bottle
mouth briefly above the fire wood, turn off the fire that burned the cotton.
2. Open the
bottle cover cotton seeds, stir together using the wire already sterilized
above the fire.
3. Enter the
seedlings from the bottle into the baglog until full, then cover again with
cotton. Each baglog filled about 10 grams of seed.
Incubation
Incubation or curing aims so that the
seeds that have been inoculated with mycelium soon. To support the growth of
the mycelium in Oyster Mushrooms, incubation space has a temperature of 24-29 °
C, humidity of 90-100%, light 500-1,000 lux, and air circulation is 1-2 hours.
After 15-30 day incubation period, usually the mycelium already growing up to
half the baglog. When mycelium meets baglog, the harbinger baglog ready for
kumbung House was moved to the cultivated until the process of harvesting.
However, if within 1 month from the incubation period with no mycelium, baglog
means the process of inoculation which was not successful.
Aquaculture Production in the home or
Kumbung1
When the baglog2 has been
moved to the home of kumbung mycelium have been met, make holes on the ends of
baglog, using razor blade that had been sterilized. The hole will become a
place of growth of oyster mushroom fruit body.
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| Cultivation of oyster mushrooms in home production or Kumbung using baglog |
When seed Oyster Mushrooms purchased
seed is F4, you no longer need to do media preparation stages until the
incubation period because the seeds can be directly baglog in F4 is placed in
the House of kumbung. Normally, the body of a mushroom fruit will form after
1-2 months from placement of baglog to home kumbung.
The parameters that need to be noticed
in cultivating Oyster Mushrooms
Parameter
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Establishment of Primordia
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Formation of Fruit Bodies
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Temperature (°C)
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21 – 27
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21 – 28
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Humidity (%)
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90-100
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90-95
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Growing Time (Days)
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3-5
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3-5
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Light (Lux)
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500-1000
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500-1000
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Air Circulation (Hours)
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4-8
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Set Up Kumbung
Kumbung or House of mushrooms is the
place to take care of baglog and growing mushrooms. Kumbung are usually in the
form of a building, which filled the shelves to put baglog. The building must
have the ability to maintain temperature and humidity.
Kumbung are usually made of bamboo or
wood. It could also be from the Board. The roof of tile or shingles. Do not use
asbestos or zinc roofs, because the roof is going to bring the heat. While the
floor must not be plastered. In order for the water used to flush of mushrooms
can be pervasive.
In the kumbung are equipped with
shelves in the form of lattice made multilevel. The rack serves to compile
baglog. Order racks can be made of bamboo or wood. The shelf is placed in rows.
Among the shelves of each other separated by a hallway for treatment.
Measure the height of the space between
shelves must not be less than 40 cm, shelves can be made 2-3 levels. Shelf
width 40 cm and the length of each segment of the rack 1 meter. Each segment of
this rack can contain 70-80 baglog. The purposes of adjustable shelves with the
amount of baglog that will be cultivated.
Before baglog put into kumbung, we
recommend that you do the preparation in advance. The following the steps:
1. Clean
kumbung and shelves to store baglog of dirt.
2. Do liming
and spraying with fungicide in the inside of the kumbung. Let stand for 2 days,
before the baglog incorporated into kumbung.
3. After the
smell of medicine is missing, enter the baglog ready to grown. The entire
surface is already covered in the white fibers.
Set Up Baglog
Baglog is the place seed planting media
put the oyster mushroom. Baglog main ingredient is sawdust, because Oyster
Mushrooms including wood mushrooms. Baglog cylindrical plastic wrapped, where
one end is given a hole. On the hole to grow Oyster Mushrooms poking out.
Oyster mushroom cultivation on a large
scale, usually mildew farmers make their own baglog. But for the novice
farmers, or farmers with limited capital usually baglog purchased from another
party. So the farmer could focus run cultivation.
Currently, baglog Oyster Mushrooms that
weighs about 1 kg are sold at IDR 2,000-2,500. As for when you want to create
your own please read how to make a baglog Oyster mushrooms.
How To Care For Baglog
There are two ways to compile baglog in
the rack, which is placed vertically baglog holes facing up. And horizontally,
baglog holes facing to the side.
This has advantages both ways. Baglog
arranged horizontally safer from spray water. When excessive watering, water
will not enter into baglog. In addition, to make harvesting easier. However,
the preparation of more horizontal space.
The following ways of treatment of
oyster mushroom cultivation are as follows:
1. Prior
baglog organized, open the first ring and paper closing baglog. Then let stand
approximately 5 days. When the floor is made of the land do any watering to add
moisture.
2. After
that, cut the tip of the baglog to give wider growth space. Leave for 3 days do
not first watered. Watering sufficiently on the floor only.
3. Do the
watering with the sprayer. Watering should form a haze, not drip-drip of water.
The more perfect pengabutan the better. The frequency of watering it 2-3 times
a day, depending on the temperature and humidity kumbung. Keep the temperature
in the range of 16-240C.
Oyster Mushroom Cultivation Treatments
If we are going to keep a log building,
the Oyster Mushrooms cropping does not set by climate conditions and can be
done at any time. A log that has already planted the seeds should be kept in
place to support the growth of mycelium and fruit bodies.
Building for storing the logs can be
made permanent for oyster mushroom cultivation on a large scale or in semi
permanent buildings.
Maintenance place the mushrooms made
with size 10 x 12 m² inside are 8 x 5.7-sized swath of maintenance 2.15 m². the
distance between the swaths of 40-60 cm. in every map created shelves spaced up
to keep the 1,300-1,400 log. The frame of the building can be made from iron,
wood or bamboo.
Logs stored on the shelf with an
upright position or tilted. Retention distance is arranged so that the body of
the fruit growing from the logs do not overlap with other fruit body.
Pest Control Disease In Oyster Mushroom
Cultivation
The Caterpillar is the most ubiquitous
pests in cultivated Oyster mushrooms. There are three factors causes the
appearance of the pest factors for moisture, dirt from the rest of the
base/handle or of mushrooms and fungi the rest of the harvest, as well as an
environment that isn't clean.
Pest occurs when excessive air
humidity. Therefore, pest is often encountered when the rainy season.
Prevention became the best solution for addressing this pest is to regulate the
circulation of air. How to open a hole circulation and temporarily watering
process kumbung stopped.
The base of the mushroom are left in
the baglog while harvesting can cause small animals such as ladybugs which
became the cause of the emergence of the pest. The rest of the mushrooms when
rotten harvest will also cause the appearance of a caterpillar. We recommend,
when harvesting baglog has ensured clean so there is no base or stem of
mushroom left when harvesting.
Caterpillar could have arisen because
the House kumbung or about kumbung is not clean. To prevent and overcome the
pest attack, do home cleaning kumbung and kumbung around the House doing
spraying formalin.
Harvesting Oyster Mushroom Cultivation
When baglog used surface has been
covered with mycelium, usually in 1-2 weeks since opening the lid baglog, mold
will grow and could already harvested. Baglog mushrooms can be harvested 5-8
times, when her treatment was good. Baglog which has a weight of about 1 kg of
mushrooms will yield as much as 0.7-0.8 kg. Once it is baglog tossed away or
can be used as compost material.
Harvesting is done against a fungus that
has been enlarged and bloom. Precisely when the edges have been tapered look.
But 11 have not broken out the colour is still pure white. When the harvest
through a half-day course then becomes a bit brownish yellow and 11 broke. When
it is like this, the mushrooms will quickly wither and not durable. The
distance to the next harvest first crop ranged from 2-3 weeks.
Index:
1. Kumbung
is a plant used for the cultivation of mushrooms.
2. Baglog is
a medium for growing Oyster Mushrooms.